Fundamentals of Database Systems by Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe(free pdf)

This book introduces the fundamental concepts necessary for designing, using, and implementing database systems and applications. Our presentation stresses the fundamentals of database modeling and design, the languages and facilities provided by database management systems, and system implementation techniques. The book is meant to be used as a textbook for a one- or two-semester course in database systems at the junior, senior, or graduate level, and as a reference book. We assume that readers are familiar with elementary programming and data-structuring concepts and that they have had some exposure to basic computer organization.

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An introduction to formal languages and automata

An Introduction to Formal Languages and Automata provides an excellent presentation of the material that is essential to an introductory theory of computation course. The text was designed to familiarize students with the foundations and principles of computer science and to strengthen the students' ability to carry out formal and rigorous mathematical argument. Employing a problem-solving approach, the text provides students insight into the course material by stressing intuitive motivation and illustration of ideas through straightforward explanations and solid mathematical proofs. By emphasizing a learning through problem solving, students learn the material primarily through problem-type illustrative examples that show the motivation behind the concepts, as well as their connection to the theorems and definitions

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GOOGLE GRAVITY

1. 1. Google gravity:- We all have read the Newton’s law of gravity.Does it also apply to google?To test it follow the instructions

• Go to google.com
• Type Google Gravity
• Click on I’m feeling Lucky

Now you will see the effect of gravity on google.The google icon will fall down automatically.You can even pickup and throw google icon anyware.

Google maps trick

Try this-->

1. Go to Google Maps.


2. Go to "Get Directions"....


3. Type Taiwan as the start location.


4. Type China as the end location.......


5. Read STEP no 23 of the directions. :)

Run Command Shortcuts

Accessibility Controls : access.cpl

Add Hardware Wizard : hdwwiz.cpl

Add/Remove Programs : appwiz.cpl

Administrative Tools : control admintools

Automatic Updates : wuaucpl.cpl

Bluetooth Transfer Wizard : fsquirt

Calculator : calc

Certificate Manager : certmgr.msc

Character Map : charmap

Check Disk Utility : chkdsk

Clipboard Viewer : clipbrd

Command Prompt : cmd

Component Services : dcomcnfg

Computer Management : compmgmt.msc

Date and Time Properties : timedate.cpl

DDE Shares : ddeshare

Device Manager : devmgmt.msc

Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)* : directx.cpl

Direct X Troubleshooter : dxdiag

Disk Cleanup Utility : cleanmgr

Disk Defragment : dfrg.msc

Disk Management : diskmgmt.msc

Disk Partition Manager : diskpart

Display Properties : control desktop

Display Properties : desk.cpl

Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected) : control color

Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility : drwtsn32

Driver Verifier Utility : verifier

Event Viewer : eventvwr.msc

File Signature Verification Tool : sigverif

Findfast : findfast.cpl

Folders Properties : control folders

Fonts : control fonts

Fonts Folder : fonts

Free Cell Card Game : freecell

Game Controllers : joy.cpl

Group Policy Editor (XP Prof) : gpedit.msc

Hearts Card Game : mshearts

Iexpress Wizard : iexpress

Indexing Service : ciadv.msc

Internet Properties : inetcpl.cpl

IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) : ipconfig /all

IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents) : ipconfig /displaydns

IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents) : ipconfig /flushdns



Installed program folder:installer


Temporary files folder:%temp%


Network connection: ncpa.cpl


Microsoft PAINT:mspaint


Registry Editor:regedit

Logon to Windows XP even if you have forgotton administrator password

Can't remember your Windows XP administrator password?

1. With your Windows XP CD in the cd-rom drive and boot your computer

2. Press any key when you read "Press any key to boot from cd" on the screen

3. The first screen will indicate that Setup is inspecting the system hardware and loading files

4. When you get to the Welcome screen, press ENTER to Setup Windows now

5. Press F8 to accept the Licensing Agreement

6. The next screen gives you the option to start a Repair process. Use the arrow keys to select your XP installation (if you only have one, it should already be selected) and press R to begin the Repair process

7. Setup will now check your disks and then start copying files which can take several minutes. Shortly after this stage you will be required to reboot

8. During the reboot do not press any key to boot from the CD again. Setup will resume automatically with the standard screen

10. Keep your eye on the lower left hand side of the screen. When you see the Installing Devices progress bar, press SHIFT + F10. A command console will now open up giving you a wide access to the system

11. At the prompt, type NUSRMGR.CPL and press Enter. You have gained graphical access to your User Accounts in the Control Panel

12. Now remove or change your password as you prefer. Once the Repair is done, you will be able to log on with your new password. Your programs and personalized settings should remain intact.

Stuxnet worm Virus:Anatomy of Computer Virus

STUXNET: LATEST CYBER WEAPON

Stuxnet is a different beast all together.

“I think that this is the turning point, this is the time when we got to a really new world, because in the past there were just cyber-criminals, now I am afraid it is the time of cyber-terrorism, cyber-weapons and cyber-wars,” said Eugene Kaspersky, co-founder and chief executive officer of Kaspersky Labs.

The worm has been confirmed to have caused extensive damage to Iran’s nuclear facilities, and is being currently analyzed by US security organisations. It has also been found in Siemens systems in India, Indonesia, Pakistan and elsewhere. Stuxnet is unique because of its ability to identify a facility’s control network and wreck it. “This malicious program was not designed to steal money, send spam, grab personal data, no, this piece of malware was designed to sabotage plants, to damage industrial systems”, stated Eugene Kaspersky.

The origin and exact purpose of Stuxnet is still a mystery. “One of our hardest jobs is attribution and intent,” said Sean McGurk, director of the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). The worm, which exploits four separate 0-day (previously unknown) vulnerabilities, is being dubbed as a working – and fearsome – prototype of a cyber-weapon.

Check your computers gender(male or female) ;)

TRY THIS ITS FUN!!!
Is your computer “male” or “female”??
1. Open Notepad
2. Type the following line in notepad: CreateObject("SAPI.SpVoice").Speak"I love you"
3. Save file as computer_gender.vbs
4. Run the file... If you hear a male voice, you have a boy, if you hear a female voice you have a girl try it really works !!!!
...........
For me....... its a girll!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! :O

Database System Concepts Sixth Edition (power point presentation ppt)

CHAPTER                                            DOWNLOAD LINK


1. Introduction                                                                              download


2. Introduction to the Relational Model                                         download


3. Introduction to SQL                                                                 download


4. Intermediate SQL                                                                    download


5. Advanced SQL                                                                        download


6. Formal Relational Query Languages                                         download


7. Database Design: The Entity-Relationship Approach                 download


8. Relational Database Design                                                       download


9. Application Design                                                                   download


10. Storage and File Structure                                                      download


11. Indexing and Hashing                                                              download


12. Query Processing                                                                    download


13. Query Optimization                                                                 download


14. Transactions                                                                            download


15. Concurrency Control                                                               download


16. Recovery System                                                                     download


17. Database System Architectures                                                download

18. Parallel Databases                                                                    download


19. Distributed Databases                                                              download


20. Data Mining                                                                             download


21. Information Retrieval                                                                 download


22. Object-Based Databases                                                          download


23. XML                                                                                        download

India Everyday

Visit http://www.indiaeveryday.in/  to get all the latest information about what is happening in INDIA.It displays all the information from bollywood,cricket,games,movies,TV,Radio,shopping directory and much more visit now.........and explore INDIA

FUTURE TECH MYTHS

What will the world look like 10 years from now? Forty years from now? Will the continuation of Moore's Law eventually allow us to have a society run by automated robots? Will we have conquered global warming and celebrate as a people as we approach the much-vaunted prospect of the singularity? Some futurists, the people who deal in this kind of speculation, have made predictions of this nature, but there are also those who say these forecasts are inaccurate. In this article, we'll take a look at some popular ideas about the future of technology that are likely myths.

Predicting future trends or developments, especially in a dynamic field like technology, is inherently inexact, but it is possible to make some informed guesses. Of course, it's also possible to argue the opposite point of view regarding the reality of some of these technologies, but in these cases, there's enough evidence out there, particularly from experts, to diagnose them as myths.

Let's start with one of the great fabled machines of the post-industrial age: the flying car.

5: Soon We'll All Be Driving Flying Cars

The flying car has been prophesied for decades. It's one of the holy grails of the futuristic, utopian society, where everyone gets to zip around through the air and land easily, quietly and safely wherever he or she wants.

You've probably seen videos of flying-car prototypes, taking off from the ground, hovering and possibly crashing. But the first "autoplane" was actually unveiled in 1917, and many similar efforts have followed. Henry Ford predicted the flying car was coming -- in 1940 -- and there have been numerous false alarms ever since.

A decade into the 21st century, we don't seem to be any closer, despite what you might read on gadget blogs. Because funding dried up, NASA abandoned its contest for inventors to create a "Personal Air Vehicle," and there doesn't seem to be another government agency, except perhaps the secretive DARPA, ready to take on the project.

There are simply too many challenges in the way of a flying car becoming widely adopted. Cost, flight paths and regulations, safety, potential use in terrorism, fuel efficiency, training pilots/drivers, landing, noise, opposition from the automobile and transportation industries -- all stand in the way of a legitimate flying car. Also, these vehicles will likely have to be able to operate as cars on regular roads, posing another logistical challenge.

In fact, many of the so-called flying cars that are being hawked as the real thing are simply roadableaircrafts -- a sort of plane/car hybrid that is not capable of, say, making a short trip to school to drop off the kids. Plus, they're far too expensive. One such vehicle, the Terrafugia Transition, set for a release in 2011 or later, is expected to cost $200,000.

4: The Technological Singularity Approaches

In recent years, prominent futurists like Ray Kurzweil have argued that we are approaching the singularity, perhaps as soon as 2030. There are many different conceptions of just what exactly the singularity is or will be. Some say it's a true artificial intelligence that can rival humans in independent thinking and creativity. In other words, machines will surpass humans in intelligence and as the planet's dominant species, capable of creating their own new, smarter machines. Others contend that it will involve such an explosion in computing power that somehow humans and machines will merge to create something new, such as by uploading our minds onto a shared neural network.

Critics of the singularity, such as writer and academic Douglas Hofstadter, claim that these are "science-fiction scenarios" that are essentially speculative. Hofstadter calls them vague and useless in contemporary discussions of what makes a human being and our relationships with technology [source: Ross]. There is also little evidence that the sort of "tidal wave" of technological innovation predicted by Kurzweil and other futurists is imminent [source: Ross].

Mitch Kapor, the former CEO of Lotus, called the singularity "intelligent design for the IQ 140 people" [source: O'Keefe]. One magazine called it "the Rapture of the geeks" -- hardly a complimentary term [source: Hassler]. Computer scientist Jeff Hawkins contends that while we may create highly intelligent machines -- far greater than anything we have now -- true intelligence relies on "experience and training," rather than just advanced programming and advanced processing power [source: IEEE].

Doubters point to the numerous sci-fi fantasies and predictions of the past that still have not come true as evidence that the singularity is just another pie-in-the-sky dream -- for example, we don't have moon bases or artificial gravity yet. They also argue that understanding the nature of consciousness is impossible, much less creating this capability within machines. Finally, the impending coming of the singularity depends in large part on the continuation of Moore's Law, which, as we discuss on the next page, may be in jeopardy. (It should also be noted that Gordon Moore himself is not a believer in the singularity [source:IEEE].)

3: Moore's Law Will Always Hold True

Moore's Law is generally taken to mean that the number of transistors on a chip -- and by extension, processing power -- doubles every two years. In reality, Gordon Moore, the computer scientist who originated Moore's Law in 1965, was talking about the economic costs of chip production and not the scientific achievements behind advances in chip design.

Moore believed that the costs of chip production would halve annually for the next 10 years but may not be sustainable afterwards [source: Hickins]. The limit to Moore's Law may then be reached economically instead of scientifically.

Several prominent computer experts have contended that Moore's Law cannot last more than two decades [source: IEEE]. Why is Moore's Law doomed? Because chips have become much more expensive to produce as transistors have become smaller.

One analyst has predicted that by 2014, transistors will be 20 nanometers in size but that any further reductions in chip size will be too expensive for mass production [source: Nuttall].

For comparison, as of summer 2009, only Samsung and Intel have invested in making 22-nanometer chips.

The factories that produce these chips cost billions of dollars. Globalfoundries' Fab 2 factory, set to begin production in New York in 2012, will cost $4.2 billion to build. Few companies have those kinds of resources, and Intel has said that a company must have $9 billion in yearly revenue to compete in the cutting-edge chip market [source: Nuttall].

That same aforementioned analyst believes that companies will attempt to make the most out of current technologies before investing in new, more expensive, smaller chip designs [source: iSuppli]. So while the end of Moore's Law may limit the rate at which we add transistors to chips, that does not necessarily mean that other innovations will prevent the creation of faster, more advanced computers.

2: Robots Will Be Our Friends

While we're probably not headed for a Skynet-like Armageddon, an increasing number of scientists worry whether adequate measures are being taken to safeguard ourselves from our robotic and digital creations.

One of the main concerns is automation. Will military drones eventually be allowed to make their own decisions on whether or not to attack a target? If a human is monitoring, will he or she still be able to override the drone's wishes? Will we allow machines to replicate themselves without human direction? Are we going to allow self-driving cars? (Some cars already offer the ability to park themselves or to prevent a driver from drifting into another lane.)

Then there is the issue of robots occupying roles they probably should not. Already, there are prototype medical robots designed to ask patients about their symptoms and to provide counsel, simulating comforting emotions -- a role traditionally occupied by a human doctor. Microsoft has a video-based receptionist A.I. in one of its buildings. A new class of "service robots" can plug themselves into electrical outlets and perform other menial tasks -- not to mention the long-established Roomba, an automated, vacuum like robot.

We may also be placing too many critical tasks and responsibilities into the "hands" of non-human actors, or will gradually find ourselves in a position of dependence on machines. At a 2009 conference of computer scientists, roboticists and other researchers, the experts in attendance expressed concern about how criminals could take advantage of next-generation technology, like artificial intelligence, to hack information or impersonate real people [source: Markoff]. The bottom line of this conference and other discussions seems to be that it's important to start tackling these issues early, to outline industry standards now, even if it's not clear what kind of technological advancements the future will bring

1: We Can Stop Climate Change

Is global warming inevitable? The consensus among many scientists is that it is, at least to some extent, and that we can only hope to stop major disasters and deal with the consequences. Some of the world's most respected climatologists say that humanity has already passed the proverbial point of no return [source: Borenstein]. The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a group of more than 2,000 scientists, met in 2007 and issued a stark warning, after having first announced that in 2001 global temperatures were already rising.

Even now, we are seeing the effects of climate change, such as in glacier melt and rising sea levels making South Asian cyclones more severe. The effects are expected to be particularly severe for hundreds of millions of people in the developing world [source: Kanter]. The atoll of Tuvalu now deals with high tides that threaten to submerge the entire nation.

If we produced no more greenhouse gases after today, the world would still see a 1 degree Fahrenheit increase in temperature by mid-century because existing carbon dioxide would stay in the atmosphere for a half-century or more [source: Borenstein]. (Some countries are trying to do something about this, such as Norway, which is pumping CO2 into disused underground oil wells.) And a potentially catastrophic increase of 3 to 6 degrees Fahrenheit by the end of the century is possible [source: Borenstein].

The major remaining question, for some, is whether the amount of warming can be kept in check in order to prevent these disastrous scenarios. Encouraging grassroots environmental action is important, but intergovernmental cooperation is paramount, and that's been slow in coming, particularly with the United States, China and India. We also, experts say, need to begin to plan how to respond to warming-related disasters, such as by aiding coastal areas, establishing quick-response units for wildfires and preparing for deadly heat waves.

DARSHIT VIPUL VORA